What To Know
- The best time to plant artichokes in New England is in the spring, after the last frost has passed.
- Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the crown (where the leaves meet the stem) is level with the soil.
- Apply a thick layer of mulch (such as straw or wood chips) around the base of the plant in the fall.
The crisp New England air and the thrill of the changing seasons make it a unique and rewarding place to garden. While some might think artichokes are reserved for warmer climates, you can successfully grow these delicious and beautiful plants in New England with a little know-how. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to cultivate thriving artichoke plants in your own New England garden.
Choosing the Right Artichoke Variety
The first step to success is selecting the right artichoke variety. Not all artichokes are created equal, and some are better suited to the cooler New England climate than others. Here are a few varieties known for their cold hardiness:
- Green Globe: A classic choice, Green Globe artichokes are known for their large, flavorful heads. They are also relatively cold-hardy.
- Imperial Star: This variety boasts large, spiky heads with a sweet flavor. They are also known for their good cold tolerance.
- Romanesco: If you’re looking for a unique artichoke, Romanesco is a great option. It produces striking, fractal-like heads with a mild flavor. While not as cold-hardy as other varieties, it can still thrive in New England with proper care.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Artichokes thrive in sunny locations with well-drained soil. Choose a spot that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. The ideal soil pH for artichokes is between 6.0 and 7.0.
Before planting, amend the soil with compost or aged manure to improve drainage and fertility. Artichokes are heavy feeders, so enriching the soil is crucial.
Planting Your Artichoke Plants
The best time to plant artichokes in New England is in the spring, after the last frost has passed. You can start artichokes from seed, but it’s often easier to purchase young plants from a local nursery or garden center.
When planting:
- Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the artichoke plant’s root ball.
- Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the crown (where the leaves meet the stem) is level with the soil.
- Backfill the hole with soil, gently firming it around the plant.
- Water thoroughly to settle the roots.
- Space plants 3-4 feet apart to allow for adequate growth.
Watering and Fertilizing
Artichokes are thirsty plants and require regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods. Aim to water deeply once or twice a week, ensuring the soil is consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilize artichokes every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, or a fertilizer specifically formulated for vegetables.
Protecting Your Artichokes from Winter
Artichokes are not fully winter-hardy in New England. To protect them from freezing temperatures, you can:
- Mulch: Apply a thick layer of mulch (such as straw or wood chips) around the base of the plant in the fall. This will help insulate the roots and prevent them from freezing.
- Winter Protection: In colder regions, you can further protect your artichokes by covering them with burlap sacks or frost blankets.
- Cut Back: Cut back the foliage to about 6 inches above the ground in the fall. This will help prevent winter damage.
Harvesting Your Artichokes
Artichokes are ready for harvest when the buds are firm and the bracts (the pointed leaves) are tightly closed. To harvest, cut the bud off at the base with a sharp knife.
Enjoying Your Harvest
Artichokes can be enjoyed in a variety of ways. They can be steamed, boiled, grilled, or roasted. You can also add them to salads, dips, or pasta dishes.
Beyond the Harvest: Caring for Your Artichokes
Once you’ve harvested your artichokes, it’s important to continue caring for your plants to ensure they thrive for years to come.
- Deadheading: After harvesting, remove any spent flower buds to encourage the plant to produce more buds.
- Division: Artichokes can be divided every few years to create new plants. This is a great way to propagate your artichokes and expand your garden.
The End of the Season: Preparing for the Next
As the weather cools in the fall, your artichoke plants will begin to go dormant. Here are some final steps to prepare for the next growing season:
- Clean Up: Remove any dead or diseased foliage from the garden. This will help prevent the spread of diseases.
- Mulch: Apply a fresh layer of mulch around the base of the plant to protect the roots from the cold.
- Protect: If you live in a particularly cold region, consider providing additional winter protection for your plants.
Common Questions and Answers
Q: How long does it take for artichokes to grow?
A: Artichokes typically take 1-2 years to produce their first harvest. After that, they will produce for several years.
Q: Can I grow artichokes in containers?
A: Yes, you can grow artichokes in containers. Choose a large pot with good drainage, and use a high-quality potting mix.
Q: What are some common artichoke pests and diseases?
A: Common artichoke pests include aphids, snails, and slugs. Diseases include artichoke mosaic virus and fungal diseases like powdery mildew.
Q: What can I do with the artichoke leaves after I harvest the buds?
A: Artichoke leaves are edible and can be used to make tea or added to soups and stews. They have a slightly bitter flavor.
Growing artichokes in New England is a rewarding experience. With a bit of planning and care, you can enjoy the delicious flavor of fresh artichokes right from your own garden.
