What To Know
- But achieving those plump, juicy spears that are the hallmark of a successful asparagus patch can feel like a culinary mystery.
- Asparagus roots can grow up to two feet deep, so till the soil to a depth of at least 18 inches.
- Allow it to remain throughout the summer and fall, as it helps the plant store energy for the following year’s harvest.
Asparagus, a springtime delicacy, is a vegetable that many gardeners dream of growing. But achieving those plump, juicy spears that are the hallmark of a successful asparagus patch can feel like a culinary mystery. This comprehensive guide will demystify the process, revealing the secrets to growing big asparagus, from selecting the right variety to mastering the art of harvesting.
Understanding Asparagus Growth Habits
Asparagus is a perennial vegetable, meaning it lives for several years and produces edible spears each spring. However, patience is key as it takes two to three years for newly planted asparagus crowns to establish themselves and start producing substantial harvests.
Choosing the Right Asparagus Variety
The first step in growing big asparagus is choosing the right variety. Here are a few popular options known for their large spears:
- “Jersey Giant”: This classic variety is known for its thick, tender spears and excellent flavor.
- “Purple Passion”: This variety boasts vibrant purple spears with a sweet and nutty flavor.
- “Apollo”: This variety produces large, white spears with a mild flavor, making it an excellent choice for blanching.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Asparagus thrives in well-drained, sunny locations. It prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Here’s how to prepare your site:
1. Choose a sunny spot: Asparagus needs at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
2. Test your soil: Use a soil testing kit to determine the pH of your soil. If the pH is too high, amend it with sulfur. If it’s too low, add lime.
3. Amend the soil: Work in generous amounts of compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility and drainage.
4. Till the soil deeply: Asparagus roots can grow up to two feet deep, so till the soil to a depth of at least 18 inches.
Planting Asparagus Crowns
Asparagus is typically planted in the spring or fall. Here’s how to plant asparagus crowns:
1. Dig trenches: Dig trenches 12-18 inches deep and 18 inches wide.
2. Space the crowns: Space the crowns 18-24 inches apart in the trench.
3. Backfill the trench: Cover the crowns with 2-3 inches of soil.
4. Water thoroughly: Water the crowns deeply after planting.
Fertilizing and Watering
Asparagus is a heavy feeder and requires regular fertilization to produce big spears. Here’s a fertilization schedule:
- Early spring: Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, around the base of the plants.
- Mid-spring: Side-dress the plants with compost or manure.
- Late spring: Apply a second dose of balanced fertilizer.
Asparagus also needs consistent watering, especially during dry periods. Aim to water deeply and thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Harvesting Asparagus
Asparagus spears are ready to harvest when they are 6-8 inches tall and the tips are tightly closed. Here’s how to harvest asparagus:
1. Use a sharp knife: Cut the spears just below the soil line.
2. Harvest only the largest spears: Leave the smaller spears to grow and strengthen the plant.
3. Harvest for 4-6 weeks: Once you start harvesting, continue for 4-6 weeks, then allow the plants to rest for the remainder of the season.
4. Avoid over-harvesting: Over-harvesting can weaken the plants and reduce future yields.
The End of the Harvest: A Time for Renewal
After the harvest season ends, you’ll notice the asparagus plants start to produce feathery foliage. This foliage is essential for the plant’s growth and development. Allow it to remain throughout the summer and fall, as it helps the plant store energy for the following year’s harvest.
Maintaining Your Asparagus Patch: Preparing for the Next Season
In the fall, after the foliage has died back, cut the stems down to the ground. This helps prevent disease and keeps the patch tidy. You can then apply a layer of compost or manure to the soil, providing nutrients for the next season’s growth.
Quick Answers to Your FAQs
Q: How long does it take for asparagus to start producing spears?
A: It typically takes two to three years for newly planted asparagus crowns to establish themselves and start producing substantial harvests.
Q: How long can I harvest asparagus each year?
A: You can harvest asparagus for 4-6 weeks each spring.
Q: What are some common pests and diseases that affect asparagus?
A: Asparagus can be susceptible to pests like asparagus beetles and diseases like rust. It’s important to monitor your plants regularly for signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate action.
Q: Can I grow asparagus in containers?
A: While it is possible to grow asparagus in containers, it’s not ideal. Asparagus requires deep roots and a lot of space to thrive, so it’s best to grow it in the ground.
Q: How do I know when to stop harvesting asparagus?
A: Stop harvesting asparagus when the spears start to become thin and woody. This usually occurs after 4-6 weeks of continuous harvesting.
