What To Know
- Dig a hole that is twice as wide and as deep as the root ball of the tree.
- Mix in a generous amount of compost or other organic matter to the soil in the bottom of the hole.
- Place the tree in the hole, making sure the root flare (where the roots transition into the trunk) is level with or slightly above the soil line.
Tart cherries, with their vibrant crimson hues and tart, tangy flavor, are a beloved fruit for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Their high antioxidant content and potential health benefits have made them increasingly popular. But did you know that growing your own tart cherry trees can be a rewarding experience? This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about how to grow tart cherries, from selecting the right variety to harvesting your own delicious bounty.
Choosing the Right Variety
The first step to growing tart cherries is selecting the right variety for your climate and growing conditions. Tart cherries are generally hardy and can withstand cold winters, but some varieties are more cold-tolerant than others. Here are some popular tart cherry varieties:
- Montmorency: This is the most widely grown tart cherry variety in North America. It’s known for its high yield, large fruit size, and excellent flavor.
- North Star: This variety is particularly well-suited for colder climates and is known for its exceptional cold hardiness.
- Balaton: This Hungarian variety is known for its large, dark red fruit and its sweet-tart flavor.
- Morello: This variety is known for its small, dark red fruit and its intense tart flavor.
When choosing a variety, consider the following factors:
- Climate: Choose a variety that is well-suited to your region’s climate.
- Pollination: Tart cherries require cross-pollination, so plant at least two different varieties to ensure good fruit production.
- Harvest time: Consider the harvest time of the variety you choose. Some varieties ripen earlier than others.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Tart cherry trees thrive in full sun and well-drained soil. They prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. Here are some key considerations:
- Sunlight: Choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Soil Drainage: Ensure the soil drains well to prevent root rot. If your soil is poorly drained, you may need to amend it with compost or other organic matter.
- Wind Protection: Tart cherries are susceptible to wind damage, so choose a location that is sheltered from strong winds.
Once you’ve chosen a suitable location, prepare the soil. Remove any weeds and debris, and loosen the soil to a depth of 12-18 inches. You can also incorporate a layer of compost or other organic matter to improve soil fertility and drainage.
Planting Tart Cherry Trees
The best time to plant tart cherry trees is in the early spring, before the buds break. Here’s a step-by-step guide to planting:
1. Dig a Hole: Dig a hole that is twice as wide and as deep as the root ball of the tree.
2. Amend the Soil: Mix in a generous amount of compost or other organic matter to the soil in the bottom of the hole.
3. Position the Tree: Place the tree in the hole, making sure the root flare (where the roots transition into the trunk) is level with or slightly above the soil line.
4. Backfill the Hole: Backfill the hole with the amended soil, making sure to gently firm the soil around the roots.
5. Water Thoroughly: Water the tree deeply after planting.
Watering and Fertilizing
Tart cherry trees need regular watering, especially during the first few years after planting. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. During hot, dry periods, you may need to water more frequently.
You should also fertilize your tart cherry trees annually in the early spring. Use a balanced fertilizer formulated for fruit trees, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your tart cherry trees. Here are some basic pruning guidelines:
- Pruning Young Trees: Prune young trees to establish a strong central leader and a well-balanced canopy.
- Pruning Mature Trees: Prune mature trees to remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches, and to thin out the canopy to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration.
- Thinning Fruit: Thin out fruit on mature trees to prevent overcrowding and improve fruit size.
Pest and Disease Management
Tart cherry trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases. Here are some common problems and how to manage them:
- Cherry Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes brown spots on the leaves. Control it with fungicide applications.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves and fruit. Control it with fungicide applications.
- Cherry Fruit Flies: These insects lay eggs in the fruit, which can cause the fruit to rot. Control them with insecticide applications or by using fruit fly traps.
- Birds: Birds can be a problem in cherry orchards. Protect your fruit by using bird netting or other methods of bird control.
Harvesting and Storage
Tart cherries are typically ready to harvest in late June or early July. You can tell when they are ripe by their color, which should be a deep, rich red. Here are some tips for harvesting and storing tart cherries:
- Harvesting: Pick the cherries when they are ripe but still firm. Avoid picking the cherries when they are wet, as this can make them more susceptible to spoilage.
- Storing: Tart cherries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. You can also freeze them for longer storage.
Tart Cherry Orchard Aftercare: A Look at the Long Game
Growing tart cherries is a long-term commitment, but it’s a rewarding one. By following these care tips, you can ensure your orchard thrives for years to come:
- Regular Inspections: Keep a close eye on your trees for any signs of pests, diseases, or other problems.
- Winter Protection: Protect your trees from harsh winter weather by applying a layer of mulch around the base of the tree.
- Soil Health: Maintain good soil health by adding compost or other organic matter to the soil annually.
The Sweet Rewards of Growing Your Own Tart Cherries: A Delicious Conclusion
Growing your own tart cherries is a fulfilling endeavor that provides a delicious harvest and a sense of pride in your gardening skills. From the moment you plant your trees to the day you savor the fruits of your labor, you’ll be rewarded with the satisfaction of knowing you’ve nurtured something beautiful and delicious.
Common Questions and Answers
Q: How long does it take for a tart cherry tree to produce fruit?
A: Tart cherry trees typically start producing fruit in 3-5 years after planting.
Q: Can I grow tart cherries in a container?
A: It’s possible to grow tart cherries in a container, but they will need a large container and regular fertilization.
Q: How do I know if my tart cherry tree is diseased?
A: Look for signs of leaf spot, powdery mildew, or other diseases. Consult with a local nursery or extension service if you have any concerns.
Q: How do I protect my tart cherry trees from birds?
A: Use bird netting or other methods of bird control to protect your fruit from birds.
Q: What are some ways I can use my tart cherries?
A: Tart cherries can be eaten fresh, used in pies, jams, jellies, and other desserts, or juiced for a refreshing and healthy beverage.
