What To Know
- While it might seem like a summer-only fruit, the dream of year-round watermelon can be a reality with some planning and know-how.
- Here’s a step-by-step guide to growing watermelons in a greenhouse or high tunnel.
- Watermelons are ready to harvest when the skin changes color and the sound of a thump is dull when you tap the melon.
Imagine biting into a juicy, ripe watermelon slice on a chilly winter day. While it might seem like a summer-only fruit, the dream of year-round watermelon can be a reality with some planning and know-how. This blog post will guide you through the secrets of cultivating delicious watermelons even when the weather outside is anything but sunny and warm.
Understanding Watermelon’s Needs
Watermelon thrives in warm climates with long, sunny days. They need at least 100 days to mature, and temperatures below 60°F can hinder growth. To grow watermelon year-round, you’ll need to create a controlled environment that mimics their ideal conditions.
The Power of Greenhouses and High Tunnels
Greenhouses and high tunnels are your best allies in the quest for year-round watermelon. These structures trap heat and allow you to adjust the temperature and humidity, creating a microclimate perfect for watermelon growth.
Greenhouses provide the most control over the environment, allowing you to manipulate light, temperature, and humidity with ease. They are often used for commercial watermelon production, but smaller versions are readily available for home gardeners.
High tunnels are a more affordable option, using a simple frame covered with plastic sheeting. While they offer less control than greenhouses, they still provide a significant temperature boost and protection from wind and rain.
Choosing the Right Watermelon Variety
Not all watermelon varieties are created equal. Some are better suited for warm weather and longer growing seasons, while others are more cold-tolerant and can mature in a shorter time frame. Consider these factors when selecting your watermelon seeds:
- Days to Maturity: Choose varieties that can mature within your growing season. Look for varieties that mature in 70-80 days for shorter seasons or 80-100 days for longer seasons.
- Cold Tolerance: Some varieties are more cold-tolerant than others. Look for varieties labeled as “early maturing” or “cold-tolerant.”
- Growing Habits: Watermelon varieties come in different sizes and shapes. Consider the space you have available and choose a variety that will fit comfortably in your greenhouse or high tunnel.
Planting and Growing Watermelon in Your Controlled Environment
Once you’ve chosen your ideal watermelon variety, it’s time to get planting. Here’s a step-by-step guide to growing watermelons in a greenhouse or high tunnel:
1. Prepare the Soil: Watermelon needs well-drained, fertile soil. Amend your soil with compost or manure to improve its structure and nutrient content.
2. Start Seeds Indoors: Start your watermelon seeds indoors 2-3 weeks before the last frost. Use seed trays or small pots filled with seed-starting mix. Keep the soil moist and warm, and provide plenty of light.
3. Transplant to Greenhouse: Once the seedlings have developed a few sets of true leaves, transplant them to your greenhouse or high tunnel. Space the plants 2-3 feet apart.
4. Provide Support: Watermelon vines can grow quite long, so it’s essential to provide support. Use trellises, cages, or stakes to keep the vines off the ground and prevent them from sprawling.
5. Water Regularly: Watermelons need consistent moisture, especially during the early stages of growth. Water deeply and regularly, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
6. Fertilize: Feed your watermelon plants with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates.
7. Pollinate: Watermelons are self-pollinating, but you can encourage pollination by gently shaking the vines or using a small brush to transfer pollen from flower to flower.
8. Harvest: Watermelons are ready to harvest when the skin changes color and the sound of a thump is dull when you tap the melon.
Controlling the Environment
The key to growing watermelon year-round lies in controlling the environment within your greenhouse or high tunnel. Here are some tips for maintaining optimal conditions:
- Temperature: Watermelons need temperatures between 70-85°F for optimal growth. Use a heater or fan to adjust the temperature as needed.
- Humidity: Watermelon prefers moderate humidity levels. Use a humidifier or dehumidifier to keep the humidity within the ideal range.
- Light: Watermelon requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Supplement with artificial lights if necessary, especially during the winter months.
- Ventilation: Proper ventilation is essential for preventing disease and promoting healthy growth. Open vents or windows to allow for air circulation.
Dealing with Pests and Diseases
Even in a controlled environment, watermelon plants can be susceptible to pests and diseases. Here are some common problems and solutions:
- Aphids: These tiny insects can suck the sap from watermelon plants, causing stunted growth and leaf curling. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control aphids.
- Spider Mites: These microscopic pests can cause yellowing and stippling of leaves. Use a miticide or introduce predatory mites to control spider mites.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause white powdery patches on leaves, reducing photosynthesis and plant vigor. Use a fungicide or prune infected leaves to control powdery mildew.
- Downy Mildew: This fungal disease can cause yellowing and browning of leaves. Use a fungicide or improve air circulation to control downy mildew.
The Sweet Rewards of Year-Round Watermelon
Growing watermelon year-round requires effort and attention, but the rewards are well worth it. Imagine enjoying fresh, juicy watermelon slices on a cold winter day or sharing your bounty with friends and family throughout the year.
FAQs
Q: What are the best watermelon varieties for growing year-round?
A: Some popular varieties for year-round growth include:
- Sugar Baby: This classic variety is known for its sweet flavor and early maturity.
- Blacktail Mountain: This variety is cold-tolerant and matures quickly.
- Crimson Sweet: This variety is known for its deep red flesh and high sugar content.
- Yellow Doll: This variety produces small, yellow-fleshed watermelons that are perfect for snacking.
Q: Can I grow watermelon year-round outdoors in some climates?
A: In some tropical and subtropical climates, you may be able to grow watermelon outdoors year-round. However, you will need to carefully select a variety that is adapted to your specific climate and ensure that the soil is well-drained and fertile.
Q: What are some tips for storing watermelon?
A: To store watermelon, keep it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Whole, unripe watermelons can last for several weeks in a cool, dark place. Cut watermelon should be refrigerated and eaten within a few days.
Q: Can I grow watermelon in a container?
A: Yes, you can grow watermelon in a container, but you will need a large pot (at least 18 inches in diameter) with plenty of drainage holes. Use a high-quality potting mix and fertilize regularly.
Q: What are the benefits of growing watermelon year-round?
A: Growing watermelon year-round offers numerous benefits, including:
- Fresh, local produce: Enjoy the taste of fresh, homegrown watermelon all year long.
- Increased food security: Grow your own food and reduce your reliance on grocery stores.
- Sustainable gardening: Grow food in a sustainable way, reducing your environmental impact.
- Year-round enjoyment: Share the joy of watermelon with friends and family throughout the year.
Growing Your Own Watermelon Paradise
Growing watermelon year-round can be a rewarding experience, providing you with a constant supply of this delicious and refreshing fruit. With careful planning, a little effort, and a passion for growing your own food, you can enjoy sweet watermelon slices all year long.
