What To Know
- If you live in a cooler region, Jerusalem artichokes might be a better choice.
- Before transplanting outdoors, gradually acclimate seedlings to outdoor conditions by placing them in a sheltered location for a few hours each day, increasing the time each day until they can tolerate full sun.
- Place the start in the hole, making sure the crown (where the leaves meet the stem) is at or slightly above soil level.
Artichoke, with its unique, flavorful heart and tender leaves, adds a delightful touch to any culinary adventure. But before you can savor its deliciousness, you need to learn how to plant artichoke. This comprehensive guide will take you through every step, from selecting the right variety to harvesting your own bountiful crop.
Choosing the Right Artichoke Variety
The first step in your artichoke journey is choosing the right variety. There are two main types of artichokes: globe artichokes and Jerusalem artichokes.
- Globe artichokes are the ones you typically find in grocery stores. They have large, edible flower buds and are best suited for warm climates. Popular globe artichoke varieties include ‘Green Globe’, ‘Imperial Star’, and ‘Romanesco’.
- Jerusalem artichokes, despite their name, are actually tubers related to sunflowers. They have a nutty flavor and are more cold-hardy than globe artichokes.
Consider your climate and desired harvest time when making your selection. If you live in a cooler region, Jerusalem artichokes might be a better choice.
Preparing the Soil for Artichoke Planting
Artichokes thrive in well-drained, fertile soil. Here’s how to prepare your planting bed:
1. Choose a sunny spot: Artichokes need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
2. Amend the soil: For best results, incorporate compost or aged manure into your soil to improve its drainage and fertility.
3. Test the pH: Artichokes prefer a slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. If your soil is too alkaline, you can adjust it with sulfur or peat moss.
4. Clear the area: Remove any weeds or debris from the planting area.
Planting Artichoke Seeds or Starts
You can plant artichokes from seeds or starts. Each method has its pros and cons:
Planting Artichoke Seeds:
- Pros: Seeds are less expensive than starts and offer a wider variety of choices.
- Cons: Seeds take longer to germinate and mature than starts, and they may not be as vigorous.
Planting Artichoke Starts:
- Pros: Starts are easier to grow and produce a harvest sooner than seeds.
- Cons: Starts can be more expensive than seeds and may have limited variety options.
Planting Artichoke Seeds:
1. Sow seeds indoors: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed trays filled with seed-starting mix.
2. Thin seedlings: Once seedlings have a few true leaves, thin them to the strongest one per pot.
3. Harden off seedlings: Before transplanting outdoors, gradually acclimate seedlings to outdoor conditions by placing them in a sheltered location for a few hours each day, increasing the time each day until they can tolerate full sun.
Planting Artichoke Starts:
1. Space starts appropriately: Space starts 3-4 feet apart in rows that are 4-5 feet apart.
2. Dig planting holes: Dig holes that are twice as wide and as deep as the root ball of the start.
3. Plant starts: Place the start in the hole, making sure the crown (where the leaves meet the stem) is at or slightly above soil level. Backfill the hole with soil and gently firm it around the plant.
4. Water thoroughly: Water the newly planted starts deeply.
Caring for Your Artichoke Plants
Once your artichoke plants are established, follow these care tips for a bountiful harvest:
- Water regularly: Artichokes need consistent moisture, especially during hot, dry weather. Water deeply and thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
- Fertilize: Feed your artichoke plants with a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
- Mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of your plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
- Control pests and diseases: Artichokes are susceptible to a few pests and diseases. Monitor your plants regularly for signs of infestation or disease and take appropriate action.
Harvesting Your Artichoke Bounty
Artichoke buds are ready to harvest when they are firm and the bracts (the prickly leaves) are tightly closed. Here’s how to harvest your artichokes:
1. Cut the bud: Use a sharp knife to cut the bud about 2 inches below the base.
2. Remove the outer leaves: Discard the tough, outer leaves.
3. Prepare for cooking: Trim the stem and wash the bud thoroughly before cooking.
Enjoying Your Artichoke Harvest
Once you’ve harvested your artichokes, there are endless ways to enjoy them. You can steam, boil, grill, or roast them. Try artichokes in salads, dips, or as a side dish.
The End of the Harvest: A Time for Renewal
After the artichoke harvest, your plants will begin to decline. To ensure a bountiful harvest next year, you’ll need to prepare your plants for winter.
- Cut back stems: In late fall or early winter, cut back the stems to about 6 inches above the ground.
- Protect the crown: Mulch heavily around the base of the plants to protect the crown from frost.
Frequently Discussed Topics
Q: How long does it take for artichokes to grow?
A: Artichoke plants typically take 1-2 years to produce their first harvest.
Q: Can I grow artichokes in containers?
A: Yes, you can grow artichokes in containers. Choose a large pot with drainage holes and use a high-quality potting mix.
Q: What are the common pests and diseases that affect artichokes?
A: Common artichoke pests include aphids, caterpillars, and snails. Diseases that can affect artichokes include artichoke mosaic virus and gray mold.
Q: Can I eat the leaves of artichoke plants?
A: The inner leaves of artichoke plants are edible, but they are tougher than the heart. You can blanch or steam them to soften them.
By following this guide, you can learn how to plant artichoke and enjoy your own delicious harvest. Happy gardening!
