What To Know
- Hazelnuts, those delectable little treasures encased in a hard, brown shell, are not just a delicious snack but also a rewarding backyard addition.
- Learning how to plant hazelnuts is a journey that takes you from nurturing a tiny seed to harvesting a bounty of crunchy, flavorful nuts.
- Spread the nuts in a single layer in a well-ventilated area to dry for several weeks.
Hazelnuts, those delectable little treasures encased in a hard, brown shell, are not just a delicious snack but also a rewarding backyard addition. Learning how to plant hazelnuts is a journey that takes you from nurturing a tiny seed to harvesting a bounty of crunchy, flavorful nuts. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and steps needed to successfully cultivate your own hazelnut orchard, no matter your experience level.
Choosing the Right Hazelnut Variety
The first step in your hazelnut planting adventure is selecting the right variety. With numerous options available, consider these factors:
- Climate: Hazelnuts thrive in temperate climates with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. Choose varieties suited to your specific region.
- Pollination: Most hazelnut varieties are self-incompatible, meaning they require a different variety for pollination. Select two or more compatible varieties for optimal nut production.
- Maturity: Some varieties mature earlier than others. Consider your desired harvest time when making your selection.
- Disease Resistance: Some varieties are more susceptible to diseases like Eastern Filbert Blight. Choose resistant varieties to minimize potential problems.
Preparing Your Planting Site
A well-prepared planting site is crucial for hazelnut success. Follow these steps:
- Sunlight: Hazelnuts require full sun to partial shade, with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
- Soil: They prefer well-drained, slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Amend heavy clay soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
- Spacing: Allow 15-20 feet between trees for optimal growth and air circulation.
Planting Hazelnut Seeds
Planting hazelnut seeds is a straightforward process:
- Seed Collection: Collect fresh, ripe nuts from healthy trees in the fall.
- Stratification: Simulate winter conditions by chilling the seeds for 3-4 months at 35-40 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Planting: After stratification, plant the seeds 1-2 inches deep in well-prepared soil. Water thoroughly.
- Germination: Expect germination within 2-3 weeks. Keep the soil consistently moist.
Planting Hazelnut Trees
For quicker results, you can plant hazelnut trees directly. Here’s how:
- Purchase: Choose healthy, disease-free trees from reputable nurseries.
- Planting Time: Plant in early spring or fall, depending on your climate.
- Planting Depth: Plant the tree at the same depth it was growing in the container, ensuring the root flare is above the soil line.
- Watering: Water thoroughly after planting and continue to water regularly, especially during dry periods.
Pruning and Training
Regular pruning and training are essential for maintaining a healthy and productive hazelnut orchard:
- Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Thin out branches to improve air circulation.
- Training: Train young trees to a single trunk with a vase-shaped canopy to maximize sunlight exposure and fruit production.
Fertilizing and Watering
Hazelnut trees benefit from regular fertilization and watering:
- Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring before new growth emerges. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth at the expense of nut production.
- Watering: Water regularly during dry periods, especially during the first few years after planting.
Protecting Your Hazelnut Orchard
Protecting your trees from pests and diseases is essential for a successful harvest:
- Pests: Monitor for common pests like aphids, mites, and weevils. Use appropriate control measures if necessary.
- Diseases: Be vigilant for signs of Eastern Filbert Blight, a fungal disease that can severely damage trees. Apply fungicides as needed.
Harvesting and Storing Your Hazelnut Bounty
The moment you’ve been waiting for has arrived! Harvest your hazelnuts when the husks turn brown and begin to split open:
- Harvesting: Pick the nuts by hand or shake the branches to dislodge them.
- Drying: Spread the nuts in a single layer in a well-ventilated area to dry for several weeks.
- Storing: Store dried hazelnuts in airtight containers in a cool, dry place for up to 6 months.
Embracing the Rewards of Growing Hazelnuts
Frequently Discussed Topics
Q: How long does it take for hazelnut trees to produce nuts?
A: Hazelnut trees typically begin producing nuts 3-5 years after planting, with full production reaching around 8-10 years.
Q: Can I grow hazelnuts in a container?
A: Yes, you can grow hazelnuts in a large container, but you’ll need to choose a dwarf variety and provide adequate drainage.
Q: What are the signs of Eastern Filbert Blight?
A: Signs include cankers on branches, leaf spots, and dieback.
Q: How do I deal with squirrels eating my hazelnuts?
A: Use squirrel-proof feeders or netting to protect your nuts.
Q: What are the benefits of growing hazelnuts?
A: Hazelnuts are a delicious and nutritious snack, they provide habitat for wildlife, and they can enhance the beauty of your backyard.
